Field Guide to Understanding Human Error or Explorations in Privilege Oppression and Diversity

Field Guide to Understanding Human Error

Author: Sidney Dekker

When faced with a human error problem, you may be tempted to ask 'Why didn't they watch out better? How could they not have noticed?'. You think you can solve your human error problem by telling people to be more careful, by reprimanding the miscreants, by issuing a new rule or procedure. These are all expressions of 'The Bad Apple Theory', where you believe your system is basically safe if it were not for those few unreliable people in it. This old view of human error is increasingly outdated and will lead you nowhere.

The new view, in contrast, understands that a human error problem is actually an organizational problem. Finding a 'human error' by any other name, or by any other human, is only the beginning of your journey, not a convenient conclusion. The new view recognizes that systems are inherent trade-offs between safety and other pressures (for example: production). People need to create safety through practice, at all levels of an organization.

Breakin g new ground beyond its successful predecessor, The Field Guide to Understanding Human Error guides you through the traps and misconceptions of the old view. It explains how to avoid the hindsight bias, to zoom out from the people closest in time and place to the mishap, and resist the temptation of counterfactual reasoning and judgmental language. But it also helps you look forward. It suggests how to apply the new view in building your safety department, handling questions about accountability, and constructing meaningful countermeasures. It even helps you in getting your organization to adopt the new view and improve its learning from failure.

So if you are faced by a human error problem, abandon the fallacy of aquick fix. Read this book.

Table of Contents:

1	The bad apple theory	1
2	The new view of human error	15
3	The hindsight bias	21
4	Put data in context	29
5	"They should have ..."	39
6	Trade indignation for explanation	45
7	Sharp of blunt end?	59
8	You can't count errors	65
9	Cause is something you construct	73
10	What is your accident model?	81
11	Human factors data	93
12	Build a timeline	101
13	Leave a trace	119
14	So what went wrong?	135
15	Look into the organization	159
16	Making recommendations	173
17	Abandon the fallacy of a quick fix	183
18	What about people's won responsibility?	195
19	Making your safety department work	205
20	How to adopt the new view	215
21	Reminders for in the rubble	225

Go to: Game Theory or Investment Science

Explorations in Privilege, Oppression and Diversity

Author: Sharon K Anderson

Become a more effective practitioner with EXPLORATION IN PRIVILEGE, OPPRESSION AND DIVERSITY! Featuring mental health practitioners' and faculty members' personal stories, this counseling text will help you learn how to recognize, struggle with, and accept your own privilege. Each reading provides practice implications that show you the direct application of the issue raised while discussion questions give you the opportunity to process the issues on a personal level. By studying the true stories that reveal these professionals' insights and understanding, you will in turn become a stronger and more successful practitioner.

Table of Contents:

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	Preface	ix
	About the Contributors	xv
	Introduction: An Awakening to Privilege, Oppression, and Discrimination	xxxii
Part I	Stories of Privilege	1
	Stories of White Privilege
1	White Out: Privilege and Its Problems	3
2	Supposed to Know Better: On Accepting Privilege	17
3	White Male Privilege in the Context of My Life	25
Stories of Socioeconomic Privilege
4	Understanding and Experiencing Class Privilege	31
5	Deprivations and Privileges We All Have	41
	Stories of Able-Bodied Privilege
6	Seeing Through Another Lens	49
7	Dirty Secrets and Unholy Unions: Disability-Based Oppression and Privilege	53
	Stories of Heterosexual Privilege
8	Increasing Awareness of Heterosexism and Homophobia: A Personal and Professional Explora tion	59
9	Reflections on Heterosexual Privilege	65
	Stories of Sexism
10	"Men Can't Be Raped": The Challenge of Sexism in Counseling	73
11	Exploring Male Privilege: Journey of Two White Middle-Class Men	79
12	How I Got My Wings	93
Part II	Issues Related to Privilege, Oppression, and Discrimination	101
	Stories of Assumed Privilege
13	Assumed Privilege: A Double -Edged Sword	103
14	"Who, Me? White?": The Process of Acknowledging and Challenging Racial Privilege	113
15	No Parece: The Privilege and Prejudice Inherent in Being a Light-Skinned Latino Without an Accent	119
	Stories of Internalized Oppression, Acculturation, and Assimilation
16	Oppression of the Spirit: Complexities in the Counseling Encounter	127
17	Acculturation and Identity: Intra-Ethnic Distinctions Among Mexican Americans	137
18	Unmasking Within-Group Prejudice: A Case Study	147
	Stories of Personal Compassion and Being Allies
19	Personal Compassion and Alliance Building: Observations of an Asian American Professor	155
20	Going Through Cultural Barriers in Counseling	165
21	Tales from the Heart of Dixie: Using White Privilege to Fight Racism	171
22	Yes, I See You're Committed to the Cause ... But Where's Your Credibility, and Why That Angst?	177
23	A Multiracial Unity Group for Graduate Students	185
	Glossary	191
	Index	195