Spaces of Hope
Author: David Harvey
As the twentieth century drew to a close, the rich were getting richer; power was concentrating within huge corporations; vast tracts of the earth were being laid waste; three quarters of the earth's population had no control over its destiny and no claim to basic rights. There was nothing new in this. What was new was the virtual absence of any political will to do anything about it. Spaces of Hope takes issue with this. David Harvey brings an exciting perspective to two of the principal themes of contemporary social discourse: globalization and the body. Exploring the uneven geographical development of late-twentieth-century capitalism, and placing the working body in relation to this new geography, he finds in Marx's writings a wealth of relevant analysis and theoretical insight. In order to make much-needed changes, Harvey maintains, we need to become the architects of a different living and working environment and to learn to bridge the micro-scale of the body and the personal and the macro-scale of global political economy.
Utopian movements have for centuries tried to construct a just society. Harvey looks at their history to ask why they failed and what the ideas behind them might still have to offer. His devastating description of the existing urban environment (Baltimore is his case study) fuels his argument that we can and must use the force of utopian imagining against all who say "there is no alternative." He outlines a new kind of utopian thought, which he calls dialectical utopianism, and refocuses our attention on possible designs for a more equitable world of work and living with nature. If any political ideology or plan is to work, he argues, it must take account of our human qualities. Finally, Harvey dares to sketch a very personal utopian vision in an appendix, one that leaves no doubt about his own geography of hope.
David Harvey is Professor of Geography at the Johns Hopkins University and Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics. His books include Justice, Nature, and the Geography of Difference (1996), The Condition of Postmodernity (1989), The Urban Experience (1988), The Limits to Capital (1982, reissued 1999), and Social Justice and the City (1973). His work has received critical acclaim and numerous awards on both sides of the Atlantic.
What People Are Saying
Derek Gregory
There is no question that David Harvey's work has been one of the most important, influential, and imaginative contributions to the development of human geography since the Second World War. . . . His readings of Marx are arresting and originala remarkably fresh return to the foundational texts of historical materialism.
Table of Contents:
Interesting book: The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management or Financial Statement Analysis Workbook
Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World with CD-ROM
Author: John Sterman
The leading authority on system dynamics explains this approach to organizational problem solving, emphasizing simulation models to understand issues such as fluctuating sales, market growth and stagnation, the reliability of forecasts and the rationality of business decision-making. The CD includes modeling software from Vensim, ithink, and PowerSim.
John Sterman (Lexington, MA) teaches at the Sloan School of Management and direct MIT's System Dynamics Group.
Table of Contents:
Preface | vii | |
Part I | Perspective and Process | 1 |
1 | Learning in and about Complex Systems | 3 |
1.1 | Introduction | 3 |
1.2 | Learning Is a Feedback Process | 14 |
1.3 | Barriers to Learning | 19 |
1.4 | Requirements for Successful Learning in Complex Systems | 33 |
1.5 | Summary | 39 |
2 | System Dynamics in Action | 41 |
2.1 | Applications of System Dynamics | 41 |
2.2 | Automobile Leasing Strategy: Gone Today, Here Tomorrow | 42 |
2.3 | On Time and Under Budget: The Dynamics of Project Management | 55 |
2.4 | Playing the Maintenance Game | 66 |
2.5 | Summary: Principles for Successful Use of System Dynamics | 79 |
3 | The Modeling Process | 83 |
3.1 | The Purpose of Modeling: Managers as Organization Designers | 84 |
3.2 | The C lient and the Modeler | 84 |
3.3 | Steps of the Modeling Process | 85 |
3.4 | Modeling Is Iterative | 87 |
3.5 | Overview of the Modeling Process | 89 |
3.6 | Summary | 104 |
4 | Structure and Behavior of Dynamic Systems | 107 |
4.1 | Fundamental Modes of Dynamic Behavior | 108 |
4.2 | Interactions of the Fundamental Modes | 118 |
4.3 | Other Modes of Behavior | 127 |
4.4 | Summary | 133 |
Part II | Tools for Systems Thinking | 135 |
5 | Causal Loop Diagrams | 137 |
5.1 | Causal Diagram Notation | 137 |
5.2 | Guidelines for Causal Loop Diagrams | 141 |
5.3 | Process Point: Developing Causal Diagrams from Interview Data | 157 |
5.4 | Conceptualization Case Study: Managing Your Workload | 159 |
5.5 | Adam Smith's Invisible Hand and the Feedback Structure of Markets | 169 |
5.6 | Explaining Policy Resistance: Traffic Congestion | 177 |
5.7 | Summary | 190 |
6 | Stocks and Flows | 191 |
6.1 | Stocks, Flows, and Accumulation | 191 |
6.2 | Identifying Stocks and Flows | 197 |
6.3 | Mapping Stocks and Flows | 210 |
6.4 | Summary | 229 |
7 | Dynamics of Stocks and Flows | 231 |
7.1 | Relationship between Stocks and Flows | 23 2 |
7.2 | System Dynamics in Action: Global Warming | 241 |
7.3 | System Dynamics in Action: The War on Drugs | 250 |
7.4 | Summary | 262 |
8 | Closing the Loop: Dynamics of Simple Structures | 263 |
8.1 | First-Order Systems | 263 |
8.2 | Positive Feedback and Exponential Growth | 264 |
8.3 | Negative Feedback and Exponential Decay | 274 |
8.4 | Multiple-Loop Systems | 282 |
8.5 | Nonlinear First-Order Systems: S-Shaped Growth | 285 |
8.6 | Summary | 290 |
Part III | The Dynamics of Growth | 293 |
9 | S-Shaped Growth: Epidemics, Innovation Diffusion, and the Growth of New Products | 295 |
9.1 | Modeling S-Shaped Growth | 296 |
9.2 | Dynamics of Disease: Modeling Epidemics | 300 |
9.3 | Innovation Diffusion as Infection: Modeling New Ideas and New Products | 323 |
9.4 | Summary | 346 |
10 | Path Dependence and Positive Feedback | 349 |
10.1 | Path Dependence | 349 |
10.2 | A Simple Model of Path Dependence: The Polya Process | 354 |
10.3 | Path Dependence in the Economy: VHS versus Betamax | 359 |
10.4 | Positive Feedback: The Engine of Corporate Growth | 364 |
10.5 | Positive Feedback, Increasing Returns, and Economic Growth | 385 |
10.6 | Does the Economy Lock in to Inferior Technologies? | 387 |
10.7 | Limits to Lock In | 389 |
10.8 | Modeling Path Dependence and Standards Formation | 391 |
10.9 | Summary | 406 |
Part IV | Tools for Modeling Dynamic Systems | 407 |
11 | Delays | 409 |
11.1 | Delays: An Introduction | 409 |
11.2 | Material Delays: Structure and Behavior | 412 |
11.3 | Information Delays: Structure and Behavior | 426 |
11.4 | Response to Variable Delay Times | 434 |
11.5 | Estimating the Duration and Distribution of Delays | 437 |
11.6 | System Dynamics in Action: Forecasting Semiconductor Demand | 449 |
11.7 | Mathematics of Delays: Koyck Lags and Erlang Distributions | 462 |
11.8 | Summary | 466 |
12 | Coflows and Aging Chains | 469 |
12.1 | Aging Chains | 470 |
12.2 | Coflows: Modeling the Attributes of a Stock | 497 |
12.3 | Summary | 511 |
13 | Modeling Decision Makin g | 513 |
13.1 | Principles for Modeling Decision Making | 513 |
13.2 | Formulating Rate Equations | 522 |
13.3 | Common Pitfalls | 545 |
13.4 | Summary | 549 |
14 | Formulating Nonlinear Relationships | 551 |
14.1 | Table Functions | 552 |
14.2 | Case Study: Cutting Corners versus Overtime | 563 |
14.3 | Case Study: Estimating Nonlinear Functions with Qualitative and Numerical Data | 569 |
14.4 | Common Pitfalls | 573 |
14.5 | Eliciting Model Relationships Interactively | 585 |
14.6 | Summary | 595 |
15 | Modeling Human Behavior: Bounded Rationality or Rational Expectations? | 597 |
15.1 | Human Decision Making: Bounded Rationality or Rational Expectations? | 598 |
15.2 | Cognitive Limitations | 599 |
15.3 | Individual and Organizational Responses to Bounded Rationality | 601 |
15.4 | Intended Rationality | 603 |
15.5 | Case Study: Modeling High-Tech Growth Firms | 605 |
15.6 | Summary | 629 |
16 | Forecasts and Fudge Factors: Modeling Expectation Formation | 631 |
16.1 | Modeling Expectation Formation | 631 |
16.2 | Case Study: Energy Consumption | 638 |
16.3 | Case Study: Commodity Prices | 643 |
16.4 | Case Study: Inflation | 645 |
16.5 | Implications for Forecast Consumers | 655 |
16.6 | Initialization and Steady State Response of the TREND Function | 658 |
16.7 | Summary | 660 |
Part V | Instability and Oscillation | 661 |
17 | Supply Chains and the Origin of Oscillations | 663 |
17.1 | Supply Chains in Business and Beyond | 664 |
17.2 | The Stock Management Problem | 666 |
17.3 | The Stock Management Structure | 675 |
17.4 | The Origin of Oscillations | 684 |
17.5< /TD> | Summary | 707 |
18 | The Manufacturing Supply Chain | 709 |
18.1 | The Policy Structure of Inventory and Production | 710 |
18.2 | Interactions among Supply Chain Partners | 729 |
18.3 | System Dynamics in Action: Reengineering the Supply Chain in a High-Velocity Industry | 743 |
18.4 | Summary | 755 |
19 | The Labor Supply Chain and the Origin of Business Cycles | 757 |
19.1 | The Labor Supply Chain | 758 |
19.2 | Interactions of Labor and Inventory Management | 764 |
19.3 | Inventory--Workforce Interactions and the Business Cycle | 782 |
19.4 | Summary | 788 |
20 | The Invisible Hand Sometimes Shakes: Commodity Cycles | 791 |
20.1 | Commodity Cycles: From Aircraft to Zinc | 792 |
20.2 | A Generic Commodity Market Model | 798 |
20.3 | Application: Cycles in the Pulp and Paper Industry | 824 |
20.4 | Summary | 841 |
Part VI | Model Testing | 843 |
21 | Truth and Beauty: Validation and Model Testing | 845 |
21.1 | Validation and Verification Are Impossible | 846 |
21.2 | Questions Model Users Should Ask--But Usually Don't | 851 |
21.3 | Pragmatics and Politics of Model Use | 851 |
21.4 | Model Testing in Practice | 858 |
21.5 | Summary | 890 |
Part VII | Commencement | 893 |
22 | Challenges for the Fu ture | 895 |
22.1 | Theory | 895 |
22.2 | Technology | 896 |
22.3 | Implementation | 899 |
22.4 | Education | 900 |
22.5 | Applications | 901 |
Appendix A | Numerical Integration | 903 |
Appendix B | Noise | 913 |
References | 925 | |
Index | 947 |
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