Tuesday, December 9, 2008

Spaces of Hope or Business Dynamics

Spaces of Hope

Author: David Harvey

As the twentieth century drew to a close, the rich were getting richer; power was concentrating within huge corporations; vast tracts of the earth were being laid waste; three quarters of the earth's population had no control over its destiny and no claim to basic rights. There was nothing new in this. What was new was the virtual absence of any political will to do anything about it. Spaces of Hope takes issue with this. David Harvey brings an exciting perspective to two of the principal themes of contemporary social discourse: globalization and the body. Exploring the uneven geographical development of late-twentieth-century capitalism, and placing the working body in relation to this new geography, he finds in Marx's writings a wealth of relevant analysis and theoretical insight. In order to make much-needed changes, Harvey maintains, we need to become the architects of a different living and working environment and to learn to bridge the micro-scale of the body and the personal and the macro-scale of global political economy.

Utopian movements have for centuries tried to construct a just society. Harvey looks at their history to ask why they failed and what the ideas behind them might still have to offer. His devastating description of the existing urban environment (Baltimore is his case study) fuels his argument that we can and must use the force of utopian imagining against all who say "there is no alternative." He outlines a new kind of utopian thought, which he calls dialectical utopianism, and refocuses our attention on possible designs for a more equitable world of work and living with nature. If any political ideology or plan is to work, he argues, it must take account of our human qualities. Finally, Harvey dares to sketch a very personal utopian vision in an appendix, one that leaves no doubt about his own geography of hope.

David Harvey is Professor of Geography at the Johns Hopkins University and Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics. His books include Justice, Nature, and the Geography of Difference (1996), The Condition of Postmodernity (1989), The Urban Experience (1988), The Limits to Capital (1982, reissued 1999), and Social Justice and the City (1973). His work has received critical acclaim and numerous awards on both sides of the Atlantic.

What People Are Saying

Derek Gregory
There is no question that David Harvey's work has been one of the most important, influential, and imaginative contributions to the development of human geography since the Second World War. . . . His readings of Marx are arresting and original—a remarkably fresh return to the foundational texts of historical materialism.




Table of Contents:

Interesting book: The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management or Financial Statement Analysis Workbook

Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World with CD-ROM

Author: John Sterman

The leading authority on system dynamics explains this approach to organizational problem solving, emphasizing simulation models to understand issues such as fluctuating sales, market growth and stagnation, the reliability of forecasts and the rationality of business decision-making. The CD includes modeling software from Vensim, ithink, and PowerSim.

John Sterman (Lexington, MA) teaches at the Sloan School of Management and direct MIT's System Dynamics Group.



Table of Contents:

Prefacevii
Part IPerspective and Process1
1Learning in and about Complex Systems3
1.1Introduction3
1.2Learning Is a Feedback Process14
1.3Barriers to Learning19
1.4Requirements for Successful Learning in Complex Systems33
1.5Summary39
2System Dynamics in Action41
2.1Applications of System Dynamics41
2.2Automobile Leasing Strategy: Gone Today, Here Tomorrow42
2.3On Time and Under Budget: The Dynamics of Project Management55
2.4Playing the Maintenance Game66
2.5Summary: Principles for Successful Use of System Dynamics79
3The Modeling Process83
3.1The Purpose of Modeling: Managers as Organization Designers84
3.2The C lient and the Modeler84
3.3Steps of the Modeling Process85
3.4Modeling Is Iterative87
3.5Overview of the Modeling Process89
3.6Summary104
4Structure and Behavior of Dynamic Systems107
4.1Fundamental Modes of Dynamic Behavior108
4.2Interactions of the Fundamental Modes118
4.3Other Modes of Behavior127
4.4Summary133
Part IITools for Systems Thinking135
5Causal Loop Diagrams137
5.1Causal Diagram Notation137
5.2Guidelines for Causal Loop Diagrams141
5.3Process Point: Developing Causal Diagrams from Interview Data157
5.4Conceptualization Case Study: Managing Your Workload159
5.5Adam Smith's Invisible Hand and the Feedback Structure of Markets169
5.6Explaining Policy Resistance: Traffic Congestion177
5.7Summary190
6Stocks and Flows191
6.1Stocks, Flows, and Accumulation191
6.2Identifying Stocks and Flows197
6.3Mapping Stocks and Flows210
6.4Summary229
7Dynamics of Stocks and Flows231
7.1Relationship between Stocks and Flows23 2
7.2System Dynamics in Action: Global Warming241
7.3System Dynamics in Action: The War on Drugs250
7.4Summary262
8Closing the Loop: Dynamics of Simple Structures263
8.1First-Order Systems263
8.2Positive Feedback and Exponential Growth264
8.3Negative Feedback and Exponential Decay274
8.4Multiple-Loop Systems282
8.5Nonlinear First-Order Systems: S-Shaped Growth285
8.6Summary290
Part IIIThe Dynamics of Growth293
9S-Shaped Growth: Epidemics, Innovation Diffusion, and the Growth of New Products295
9.1Modeling S-Shaped Growth296
9.2Dynamics of Disease: Modeling Epidemics300
9.3Innovation Diffusion as Infection: Modeling New Ideas and New Products323
9.4Summary346
10 Path Dependence and Positive Feedback349
10.1Path Dependence349
10.2A Simple Model of Path Dependence: The Polya Process354
10.3Path Dependence in the Economy: VHS versus Betamax359
10.4Positive Feedback: The Engine of Corporate Growth364
10.5Positive Feedback, Increasing Returns, and Economic Growth385
10.6Does the Economy Lock in to Inferior Technologies?387
10.7Limits to Lock In389
10.8Modeling Path Dependence and Standards Formation391
10.9Summary406
Part IVTools for Modeling Dynamic Systems407
11Delays409
11.1Delays: An Introduction409
11.2Material Delays: Structure and Behavior412
11.3Information Delays: Structure and Behavior426
11.4Response to Variable Delay Times434
11.5Estimating the Duration and Distribution of Delays437
11.6System Dynamics in Action: Forecasting Semiconductor Demand449
11.7Mathematics of Delays: Koyck Lags and Erlang Distributions462
11.8Summary466
12Coflows and Aging Chains469
12.1Aging Chains470
12.2Coflows: Modeling the Attributes of a Stock497
12.3Summary511
13Modeling Decision Makin g513
13.1Principles for Modeling Decision Making513
13.2Formulating Rate Equations522
13.3Common Pitfalls545
13.4Summary549
14Formulating Nonlinear Relationships551
14.1Table Functions552
14.2Case Study: Cutting Corners versus Overtime563
14.3Case Study: Estimating Nonlinear Functions with Qualitative and Numerical Data569
14.4Common Pitfalls573
14.5Eliciting Model Relationships Interactively585
14.6Summary595
15Modeling Human Behavior: Bounded Rationality or Rational Expectations?597
15.1Human Decision Making: Bounded Rationality or Rational Expectations?598
15.2Cognitive Limitations599
15.3Individual and Organizational Responses to Bounded Rationality601
15.4Intended Rationality603
15.5Case Study: Modeling High-Tech Growth Firms605
15.6Summary629
16Forecasts and Fudge Factors: Modeling Expectation Formation631
16.1Modeling Expectation Formation631
16.2Case Study: Energy Consumption638
16.3Case Study: Commodity Prices643
16.4Case Study: Inflation645
16.5Implications for Forecast Consumers655
16.6Initialization and Steady State Response of the TREND Function658
16.7Summary660
Part VInstability and Oscillation661
17Supply Chains and the Origin of Oscillations663
17.1Supply Chains in Business and Beyond664
17.2The Stock Management Problem666
17.3The Stock Management Structure675
17.4The Origin of Oscillations684
17.5< /TD>Summary707
18The Manufacturing Supply Chain709
18.1The Policy Structure of Inventory and Production710
18.2Interactions among Supply Chain Partners729
18.3System Dynamics in Action: Reengineering the Supply Chain in a High-Velocity Industry743
18.4Summary755
19The Labor Supply Chain and the Origin of Business Cycles757
19.1The Labor Supply Chain758
19.2Interactions of Labor and Inventory Management764
19.3Inventory--Workforce Interactions and the Business Cycle782
19.4Summary788
20The Invisible Hand Sometimes Shakes: Commodity Cycles791
20.1Commodity Cycles: From Aircraft to Zinc792
20.2A Generic Commodity Market Model798
20.3Application: Cycles in the Pulp and Paper Industry824
20.4Summary841
Part VIModel Testing843
21Truth and Beauty: Validation and Model Testing845
21.1Validation and Verification Are Impossible846
21.2Questions Model Users Should Ask--But Usually Don't851
21.3Pragmatics and Politics of Model Use851
21.4Model Testing in Practice858
21.5Summary890
Part VIICommencement893
22Challenges for the Fu ture895
22.1Theory895
22.2Technology896
22.3Implementation899
22.4Education900
22.5Applications901
Appendix ANumerical Integration903
Appendix BNoise913
References925
Index947

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